In the coronavirus pandemic, ventilators, the medical devices that help patients breathe, are highly sought after and hard to find – but they are not always successful.
One in six COVID-19 patients becomes seriously ill and has difficulty breathing, according to the World Health Organization. That’s because lungs are the main battleground in COVID-19 infections, which can cripple breathing functions.
The Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre in the U.K. reported that 66% of patients on ventilators died. A University of Washington medical study published March 30 noted that nine of 18 patients died.
Infected patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome – ARDS – a condition with a high mortality rate. Those with ARDS build up fluids in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs that transfer oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide

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More than 40 percent of COVID-19 patients develop ARDS, according to a March 13 study from the Journal of the American Medical Association. Other serious respiratory ailments can also occur
As the transfer process is impaired and oxygen levels fall, ventilators keep patients breathing. While they don’t treat the disease, they do give patients time to fight it.
Bridge between life and death: Most COVID-19 patients on ventilators will not survive.
But coronavirus patients need more time – an average of 10 days, according to the University of Washington study. Other reports say one to two weeks is usual. A typical ICU patient averages 3-7 days, according to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information.
The devices are removed once patients can breathe on their own.
Ventilators range in size and can cost $25,000 to $50,000 or more. They are used in intensive care units.

• With lack of Ventilators vs the numbers of the victims of COVID 19 and the high cost of it. so we need to build a low cost Ventilators to support our countries in the middle east.
• Ventilators gently pump air through a breathing tube into the patient’s lungs and allow the patient to exhale. This gives patients oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, which can damage the patient’s organs if not expelled. In some cases, air with higher oxygen content is used. Settings are tailored to patient needs.
• Patients can’t talk because the tube passes through their vocal cords. The tubes can be uncomfortable and it takes time to get used to them, according to AgingCare.
• Ventilator operation is closely monitored to maintain pressure and expiration levels.
• Doctors monitor patient breathing rates per minute.
  A popular mode used with ventilators is called assist-control (AC). In that mode, the ventilator assists with breathing. It’s ideal for recovery because the patient only has to initiate a breath and the ventilator does the rest.
  In this example, the respiratory rate is set to 15 breaths per minute. That means the patient will receive a breath every four seconds, regardless if the patient needs a breath.
  Even if the patient attempts a breath in between the timed breaths, the ventilator will take over and deliver the same volume of air as the timed breath.
• Patients are connected to ventilators in three ways. Though patients are sedated for the invasive procedures, the process of putting tubes in patients can be dangerous for health care workers, who risk being infected themselves. There’s also a risk of infection for patients with breathing tubes.

1. Non-invasive mask:
   In less critical cases, oxygen can be delivered through a face mask instead of a tube. This type of ventilator can be more commonly available in some areas and is relatively safe to deploy.
2. Endotracheal tube:
   For more invasive procedures, medical workers don protective clothing and sanitize and sterilize the ventilator equipment.
   A specialist called a respiratory therapist inserts a laryngoscope into the patient’s mouth and guides the endotracheal tube into the windpipe.
   Once the tube is inserted, a cuff is inflated to keep the tube in place and seal out secretions. The laryngoscope is removed and the tube is taped to the side of the face. The tube is checked to make sure it can equally inflate both lungs.
   The endotracheal tube is attached to the lines running to the mechanical ventilator.
   Endotracheal tube
   The endotracheal tube is attached to the lines running to the mechanical ventilator
3. Tracheotomy:
   This is a more invasive procedure with an incision in the windpipe for insertion of a tracheal tube. This method is less likely to be used for COVID-19 patients since it puts the health care team at increased risk from aerosolized viral particles which can remain infectious for up to three hours.

The Machine consists of

1. Regulators
2. Sloinoid Valves
3. Spirometer
4. Flow Sensor
5. Lung Pressue meter
6. Pressure controller
7. Volume controller

We used the Arduino Microcontroller with the following blocks

• Pneumotachometer: measures the lung volume by transducing pressure to voltage
• Spirometer: measures static pulmonary volume which indicates
• Tidal volume: Amount of gas inspired or expired at each breath
• Inspiratory reserve volume: Maximum amount of additional air that can be inspired at the end of a normal inspiration
• Expiratory reserve volume: Maximum amount of additional air that can be expired at the end of a normal expiration
• Residual volume: The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration
• Flow measurement: During inspiration the gas flows from the ventilator to the patient, A measure that total pressure, B measures the static pressure, the difference is the dynamic pressure which proportional to the velocity of gas flow. During expiration the process is reversed. C measures CO2, O2
• Breathing Controller
• Alarm system: The alarm indicates different patient parameter such as exhaled volume or airway pressure, also the ventilation system shall detect whether a breath has been taken or not. Measuring changes in aspiratory flow and pressure by using sensors. If no inspiration was detected for a certain time an alarm will be triggered.
• Human interface

Assemblies guide (slide 30) Click here

Our system in a nutshell will be mechanical as the graph on the right

The main points any physician was included in our survey in any ventilator were

1. Tidal Volume
2. Respiratory Rate
3. PEEP
4. Oxygen Percentage
5. Ventilation mode

Alarm system

The alarm indicates different patient parameter such as exhaled volume or airway pressure, also the ventilation system shall detect whether a breath has been taken or not. Measuring changes in aspiratory flow and pressure by using sensors. If no inspiration was detected for a certain time an alarm will be triggered.

Can be used as methods for testing and examination

Electrical circuits  (Slide 32-38) click Here

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One in six COVID-19 patients becomes seriously ill and has difficulty breathing, according to the World Health Organization. That’s because lungs are the main battleground in COVID-19 infections, which can cripple breathing functions.

21,010 case in UAE and KSA alone, so 3,501 are in need of a Ventilator and the numbers are rising

• Secure:
  Reliable mechanical structure: The open ventilator uses certified and tested parts, taking into account fatigue tests to avoid the risk of collapse or putting the patient at risk

• Scalable:
  Decentralization of the procedure for scaling The Open Ventilator materials are homogeneous, offering the same quality without variations in mechanical resistance, in addition to speeding up production

• Functional:
  It meets the medical requirements.
  From the beginning, the team included a group of doctors, scientists and engineers, which allowed them to achieve the health certification in record time.

Our Action Plan to go to market as the graph shows

Our Business Canvas is as the graph shows

Our financial projection for cost and sales for years 2020 and 2021

Videos: Click Here

Photos: Click Here

Mostafa Khalaf

CEO and cofounder
11 years in manufacturing, helping in building factories and operating them, currently working with PwC in the Real Estate department
MBA, BSC in Mechatronics Engineering
Took part in operating factories in Egypt, Italy, Jordan and Saudi Arabia

Our plan is to have this machine as the core machine to keep developing until we arrive a full scale Ventilator made in the Arab World